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今日真道聖言/2014年1月16日
聖經經文
4 徒 15:18 這話是從創世以來顯明這事的主說的。』 (CUVS) Acts 15:18 Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world. (KJV)
撒上 23:11-12 基伊拉人將我交在掃羅手裏不交?掃羅照着你僕人所聽的話下來不下來?耶和華以色列的 神啊!求你指示僕人。」耶和華說:「掃羅必下來。」 撒上 23:12 大衛又說:「基伊拉人將我和跟隨我的人,交在掃羅手裏不交?」耶和華說:「必交出來。」
太 11:21,23 「哥拉汛哪,你有禍了!伯賽大啊,你有禍了!因為在你們中間所行的異能,若行在推羅、西頓,他們早已披麻蒙灰悔改了。 太 11:23 迦百農啊,你已經升到天上(或作「你將要升到天上嗎?」),將來必墜落陰間,因為在你那裏所行的異能,若行在所多瑪,它還可以存到今日。
5 羅 9:11,13 (雙子還沒有生下來,善惡還沒有作出來,只因要顯明 神揀選人的旨意,不在乎人的行為,乃在乎召人的主)。 羅 9:13 正如經上所記:「雅各是我所愛的,以掃是我所惡的。」
羅 9:16,18 據此看來,這不在乎那定意的,也不在乎那奔跑的,只在乎發憐憫的 神。 羅 羅 9:18 如此看來, 神要憐憫誰,就憐憫誰;要叫誰剛硬,就叫誰剛硬。
3.2 雖然上帝知道在所有情況下可能或可以發生的一切事;可是祂預定一切事的發生,不是因為預見哪件事未來要發生,也不是因為預見在如此的情況下必會發生哪些事。
3.2. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath he not decreed anything because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.
問答7 問:神的旨意是什麼?
答:神的旨意,就是祂永恆的目的,根據祂計畫的美意;藉此祂預定了一切將要發生的事,為了祂自己的榮耀。
經文: 弗1:4, 11-12; 羅11:33-36; 賽46:10; 伯14:5; 箴16:4, 33; 詩33:11; 王上22:34; 徒2:23; 13:48; 弗2:8-10; 啟4:11; 弗1:3-6; 帖前5:9
12問:上帝的旨意是什麼?
答:上帝的旨意,是在祂元旨計畫中的智慧,自由,聖潔的行動;祂按照此計畫彰顯祂的榮耀,自無始的永恆,已毫無改變的預定在時間裏,所發生的萬事萬物,特別是有關天使與人類。
一.上帝一般的旨意
l 關於上帝的創造,祂從永遠就已經有計劃了。「我從起初指明末後的事,從古時言明未成的事,說:我的籌算必立定;凡我所喜悅的,我必成就」(賽46:9-10)
l 這項計劃包括並決定了所有發生的事物與每一項事,無論其大小、善惡。即使似乎偶然發生的事也是上帝所預定的:「簽放在懷裏,定事由耶和華」(箴16:33)因此即使是災害和惡人的舉動,也都是上帝所定的:「我造光,又造暗;我施平安,又降災禍;造作這一切的是我耶和華」(賽45:7;比較 摩3:6b);「耶和華所造的,各適其用;就是惡人也為禍患的日子所造」(箴16:4)。
l 這項計劃和上帝無限的智慧、聖潔是一致的。這就是為何「我們曉得萬事都互相效力,叫愛上帝的人得益處,就是按他旨意被召的人」(羅8:28)。約瑟向他的兄弟們解釋說:「從前你們的意思是要害我,但上帝的意思原是好的,要保全許多人的性命,成就今日的光景。」(創50:20)
l 這項計劃不只是不變的,每一項細節也都絕對會發生,也沒有任何方面是附條件的。 雖然上帝的某些預旨看似附有條件,好像某些事物必須在預定目標的事件之前先發生:例如,上帝預定要救保羅和他一起在前往羅馬船上的同伴,不過祂預定拯救他們的條件是他們必須留在船上(徒27:31)。上帝拯救那許多蒙揀選的人,不過祂也預定他們必須要悔改和相信耶穌才能獲得拯救。我們也必須如此來了解我們禱告的責任:上帝預定要加給我們各樣所需的,但是祂也預定我們要通過禱告來尋求所需的這一切。
l 上帝的計劃也沒有任何一方面是因為上帝預知所要發生的事而形成。事實上,可以說上帝預知將來所有要發生的事,是因為祂預定這一切的發生,或說因為上帝擁有完全的主權,所以祂是無所不能的。而且,也必須是如此,否則將會牴觸上帝的自足性,因為上帝是唯一獨立的存有。所有的受造物的存留都因着上帝而擁有(徒17:28a)。索西奴派和理性主義者錯誤地主張說:上帝不能預知受造物的自由行為,否則他們就不自由。阿民念派贊同上帝預知受造物的行為,但卻否認上帝預定了它們。但聖經里記載:「從創世以來,上帝都知道祂所作的」(欽定本-徒15:18),因為祂是「隨己意行、做萬事的,照着祂旨意所預定的」(弗1:11)
l 上帝不因為絕對預定所有將會發生的事情而侵犯到受造者的自由和職責。因而雅各這麼說:「人被試探,不可說:『我是被上帝試探』;因為上帝不能被惡試探,祂也不試探人」(雅1:13)。因此,雖然在上帝的預旨中基督是被猶大出賣,但猶大仍然被定罪:「人子必要去世,正如經上指着他所寫的;但賣人子的人有禍了!那人不生在世上倒好。」 (太26:24)。同樣的,彼得在五旬節的佈道中也指責猶太人邪惡的殺害了主:「他既按著上帝的定旨先見被交與人,你們就藉着無法之人的手,把他釘在十字架上,殺了。」(徒2:23,也看 徒4:28)
這是因為上帝並不侵犯人的自由,人作為上帝的受造物,有選擇的自由。作為自由選擇者,人的決定和行動取決於上帝所定的次因。上帝並不操縱人的心思或意志。自由選擇者的意志取決於在做出決定時什麼是最吸引人之處而定。上帝不侵犯自由選擇者的意志。因此當一個有理性的自由選擇者犯罪時,他必須完全自己承擔責任。神學家很貼切的形容這個概念:「上帝雖如此預定一切,並不因此就是罪惡的創始者,也不強迫受造者的意志,而且諸次因的自由運行或因果關係也並未廢去,反而得以確立。」
聖經經文
1.林前十五4:而且埋葬了,又照聖經所說, 第三天復話了。
2.可十六19:主耶穌和他們說完了話,後來被接到天上,坐在神的右邊。
3.徒十六31:因為他已經定了日子,要借着他所設立的人,按公義審判天下,並且吃他從死里復活,給萬人作可信的憑據。
問答28 問:基督的升高在於哪些方面?
答:基督的升高在於他第三日從死里復活,升入高天,坐在父神的右邊,並在末日來審判世界。
經文:林前15:4; 可16:19; 徒17:31
Q. 28. Wherein consisteth Christ's exaltation? A. Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.
51問:基督升高的狀態包括哪些?
答;基督升高的狀態包括:祂的復活,升天,坐在天父的右邊,以及祂要再來審判世界。
Q. 51. What was the estate of Christ's exaltation?
A. The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and his coming again to judge the world.
52問:基督在祂的復活中,是如何升高的?
答:基督在祂的復活中升高,在於:
(1)祂經歷死亡而不見朽壞,因為祂原不能被死拘禁;
(2)祂復活的身體,是與祂受苦的身體同一的,具相同的基要屬性,然而此復活身體是不朽壞的,沒有今生人所共有的軟弱,與祂的靈魂真實聯合;
(3)祂以自己的大能在死後第三天復活,以此顯明自己是神的兒子;滿足了神的公義,征服了死亡以及掌死權的惡者,成為活人與死人的主;
(4)祂所作的這一切,都是以立約之代表,教會之元首的身分完成的,為要叫他們稱義,在恩典中活過來,支持他們抵擋仇敵,並保證他們在末日從死里復活。
Q. 52. How was Christ exalted in his resurrection?
A. Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held), and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life), really united to his soul, he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power; whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God, to have satisfied divine justice, to have vanquished death, and him that had power of it, and to be Lord of quick and dead: all which he did as a public person, the head of his church, for the justification, quickening in grace, support against enemies, and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.
53問:基督在祂的升天中,是如何升高的?
答:基督在祂的升天中升高,在於:
(1)祂復活後經常向使徒們顯現,與他們談話,講說神國的事,差遣他們傳福音給萬民;
(2)祂在復活四十天之後,在肉身中,以我們的元首身分,得勝仇敵,在眾目仰望之下,升入至高之天;
(3)祂在那裏,領受並將各樣恩賜賞給人;提升我們的心,思念上面的事;並且為我們預備地方。祂如今且繼續在天上,直到世界的末了,祂再來之時。
Q. 53. How was Christ exalted in his ascension?
A. Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations, forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head, triumphing over enemies, visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men, to raise up our affections thither, and to prepare a place for us, where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.
54問:基督被升高坐在父上帝的右邊,這是指何意義?
答:基督被升高坐在父上帝的右邊,這是指:
(1)祂身為神與人之間唯一的中保,被父上帝恩寵升為至高,滿有喜樂,榮耀,權能,在天地萬有之上統管一切;
(2)祂召聚與保護祂的教會,得勝他們的仇敵;以各樣的恩賜和恩典,裝備祂的僕人和子民,並為他們代求。
Q. 54. How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?
A. Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father, with all fullness of joy, glory, and power over all things in heaven and earth; and doth gather and defend his church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces, and maketh intercession for them.
55問:基督如何為我們代求?
答:基督為我們的代求,是:
(1)祂以人性身體升天,顯於父上帝面前,不斷地為我們祈求;因祂在地上完全順服與獻祭的功勞,宣告祂的旨意,實現在所有信徒身上;
(2)祂回應所有對他們的控告,祂確保他們的良心平安,雖然他們每日皆有失敗之處,仍可坦然無懼來到施恩寶座前,並且祂使他們的生活與事奉蒙悅納。
Q. 55. How doth Christ make intercession?
A. Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven, in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth, declaring his will to have it applied to all believers; answering all accusations against them, and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings, access with boldness to the throne of grace, and acceptance of their persons and services.
56問:基督將要再來審判世界,祂是如何被高舉?
答:基督將要再來審判世界,祂被高舉在於:
(1)雖然祂曾受到不義審判,被惡人定罪,但是祂將在末日,大有權能的降臨;
(2)祂的再臨,是將自己與聖父的榮耀,完全彰顯出來;祂與所有眾天使同來,有呼叫的聲音與天使長的聲音,又有神的號吹響:祂要按公義審判世界。
Q. 56. How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?
A. Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men, shall come again at the last day in great power, and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, to judge the world in righteousness.
8.4b 第三天,祂從死里復活(林前15:3,4),帶着原來受苦的身體(約20:25,27),也帶着這身體升到天上,坐在祂父的右邊(可16:19),為我們代求(羅8:34;來9:24;7:25),並在世界的末了還要再來審判世人和天使(羅14:9-10;徒1:11;10:42;太13:40-42;猶6;彼後2:4)。