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今日真道圣言/2014年1月16日
圣经经文
4 徒 15:18 这话是从创世以来显明这事的主说的。’ (CUVS) Acts 15:18 Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world. (KJV)
撒上 23:11-12 基伊拉人将我交在扫罗手里不交?扫罗照着你仆人所听的话下来不下来?耶和华以色列的 神啊!求你指示仆人。”耶和华说:“扫罗必下来。” 撒上 23:12 大卫又说:“基伊拉人将我和跟随我的人,交在扫罗手里不交?”耶和华说:“必交出来。”
太 11:21,23 “哥拉汛哪,你有祸了!伯赛大啊,你有祸了!因为在你们中间所行的异能,若行在推罗、西顿,他们早已披麻蒙灰悔改了。 太 11:23 迦百农啊,你已经升到天上(或作“你将要升到天上吗?”),将来必坠落阴间,因为在你那里所行的异能,若行在所多玛,它还可以存到今日。
5 罗 9:11,13 (双子还没有生下来,善恶还没有作出来,只因要显明 神拣选人的旨意,不在乎人的行为,乃在乎召人的主)。 罗 9:13 正如经上所记:“雅各是我所爱的,以扫是我所恶的。”
罗 9:16,18 据此看来,这不在乎那定意的,也不在乎那奔跑的,只在乎发怜悯的 神。 罗 罗 9:18 如此看来, 神要怜悯谁,就怜悯谁;要叫谁刚硬,就叫谁刚硬。
3.2 虽然上帝知道在所有情况下可能或可以发生的一切事;可是祂预定一切事的发生,不是因为预见哪件事未来要发生,也不是因为预见在如此的情况下必会发生哪些事。
3.2. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath he not decreed anything because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.
问答7 问:神的旨意是什么?
答:神的旨意,就是祂永恒的目的,根据祂计画的美意;借此祂预定了一切将要发生的事,为了祂自己的荣耀。
经文: 弗1:4, 11-12; 罗11:33-36; 赛46:10; 伯14:5; 箴16:4, 33; 诗33:11; 王上22:34; 徒2:23; 13:48; 弗2:8-10; 启4:11; 弗1:3-6; 帖前5:9
12问:上帝的旨意是什么?
答:上帝的旨意,是在祂元旨计画中的智慧,自由,圣洁的行动;祂按照此计画彰显祂的荣耀,自无始的永恒,已毫无改变的预定在时间里,所发生的万事万物,特别是有关天使与人类。
一.上帝一般的旨意
l 关于上帝的创造,祂从永远就已经有计划了。“我从起初指明末后的事,从古时言明未成的事,说:我的筹算必立定;凡我所喜悦的,我必成就”(赛46:9-10)
l 这项计划包括并决定了所有发生的事物与每一项事,无论其大小、善恶。即使似乎偶然发生的事也是上帝所预定的:“签放在怀里,定事由耶和华”(箴16:33)因此即使是灾害和恶人的举动,也都是上帝所定的:“我造光,又造暗;我施平安,又降灾祸;造作这一切的是我耶和华”(赛45:7;比较 摩3:6b);“耶和华所造的,各适其用;就是恶人也为祸患的日子所造”(箴16:4)。
l 这项计划和上帝无限的智慧、圣洁是一致的。这就是为何“我们晓得万事都互相效力,叫爱上帝的人得益处,就是按他旨意被召的人”(罗8:28)。约瑟向他的兄弟们解释说:“从前你们的意思是要害我,但上帝的意思原是好的,要保全许多人的性命,成就今日的光景。”(创50:20)
l 这项计划不只是不变的,每一项细节也都绝对会发生,也没有任何方面是附条件的。 虽然上帝的某些预旨看似附有条件,好像某些事物必须在预定目标的事件之前先发生:例如,上帝预定要救保罗和他一起在前往罗马船上的同伴,不过祂预定拯救他们的条件是他们必须留在船上(徒27:31)。上帝拯救那许多蒙拣选的人,不过祂也预定他们必须要悔改和相信耶稣才能获得拯救。我们也必须如此来了解我们祷告的责任:上帝预定要加给我们各样所需的,但是祂也预定我们要通过祷告来寻求所需的这一切。
l 上帝的计划也没有任何一方面是因为上帝预知所要发生的事而形成。事实上,可以说上帝预知将来所有要发生的事,是因为祂预定这一切的发生,或说因为上帝拥有完全的主权,所以祂是无所不能的。而且,也必须是如此,否则将会抵触上帝的自足性,因为上帝是唯一独立的存有。所有的受造物的存留都因着上帝而拥有(徒17:28a)。索西奴派和理性主义者错误地主张说:上帝不能预知受造物的自由行为,否则他们就不自由。阿民念派赞同上帝预知受造物的行为,但却否认上帝预定了它们。但圣经里记载:“从创世以来,上帝都知道祂所作的”(钦定本-徒15:18),因为祂是“随己意行、做万事的,照著祂旨意所预定的”(弗1:11)
l 上帝不因为绝对预定所有将会发生的事情而侵犯到受造者的自由和职责。因而雅各这么说:“人被试探,不可说:‘我是被上帝试探’;因为上帝不能被恶试探,祂也不试探人”(雅1:13)。因此,虽然在上帝的预旨中基督是被犹大出卖,但犹大仍然被定罪:“人子必要去世,正如经上指著他所写的;但卖人子的人有祸了!那人不生在世上倒好。” (太26:24)。同样的,彼得在五旬节的布道中也指责犹太人邪恶的杀害了主:“他既按著上帝的定旨先见被交与人,你们就藉著无法之人的手,把他钉在十字架上,杀了。”(徒2:23,也看 徒4:28)
这是因为上帝并不侵犯人的自由,人作为上帝的受造物,有选择的自由。作为自由选择者,人的决定和行动取决于上帝所定的次因。上帝并不操纵人的心思或意志。自由选择者的意志取决于在做出决定时什么是最吸引人之处而定。上帝不侵犯自由选择者的意志。因此当一个有理性的自由选择者犯罪时,他必须完全自己承担责任。神学家很贴切的形容这个概念:“上帝虽如此预定一切,并不因此就是罪恶的创始者,也不强迫受造者的意志,而且诸次因的自由运行或因果关系也并未废去,反而得以确立。”
圣经经文
1.林前十五4:而且埋葬了,又照圣经所说, 第三天复话了。
2.可十六19:主耶稣和他们说完了话,后来被接到天上,坐在神的右边。
3.徒十六31:因为他已经定了日子,要借着他所设立的人,按公义审判天下,并且吃他从死里复活,给万人作可信的凭据。
问答28 问:基督的升高在于哪些方面?
答:基督的升高在于他第三日从死里复活,升入高天,坐在父神的右边,并在末日来审判世界。
经文:林前15:4; 可16:19; 徒17:31
Q. 28. Wherein consisteth Christ's exaltation? A. Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.
51问:基督升高的状态包括哪些?
答;基督升高的状态包括:祂的复活,升天,坐在天父的右边,以及祂要再来审判世界。
Q. 51. What was the estate of Christ's exaltation?
A. The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and his coming again to judge the world.
52问:基督在祂的复活中,是如何升高的?
答:基督在祂的复活中升高,在于:
(1)祂经历死亡而不见朽坏,因为祂原不能被死拘禁;
(2)祂复活的身体,是与祂受苦的身体同一的,具相同的基要属性,然而此复活身体是不朽坏的,没有今生人所共有的软弱,与祂的灵魂真实联合;
(3)祂以自己的大能在死后第三天复活,以此显明自己是神的儿子;满足了神的公义,征服了死亡以及掌死权的恶者,成为活人与死人的主;
(4)祂所作的这一切,都是以立约之代表,教会之元首的身分完成的,为要叫他们称义,在恩典中活过来,支持他们抵挡仇敌,并保证他们在末日从死里复活。
Q. 52. How was Christ exalted in his resurrection?
A. Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held), and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life), really united to his soul, he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power; whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God, to have satisfied divine justice, to have vanquished death, and him that had power of it, and to be Lord of quick and dead: all which he did as a public person, the head of his church, for the justification, quickening in grace, support against enemies, and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.
53问:基督在祂的升天中,是如何升高的?
答:基督在祂的升天中升高,在于:
(1)祂复活后经常向使徒们显现,与他们谈话,讲说神国的事,差遣他们传福音给万民;
(2)祂在复活四十天之后,在肉身中,以我们的元首身分,得胜仇敌,在众目仰望之下,升入至高之天;
(3)祂在那里,领受并将各样恩赐赏给人;提升我们的心,思念上面的事;并且为我们预备地方。祂如今且继续在天上,直到世界的末了,祂再来之时。
Q. 53. How was Christ exalted in his ascension?
A. Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations, forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head, triumphing over enemies, visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men, to raise up our affections thither, and to prepare a place for us, where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.
54问:基督被升高坐在父上帝的右边,这是指何意义?
答:基督被升高坐在父上帝的右边,这是指:
(1)祂身为神与人之间唯一的中保,被父上帝恩宠升为至高,满有喜乐,荣耀,权能,在天地万有之上统管一切;
(2)祂召聚与保护祂的教会,得胜他们的仇敌;以各样的恩赐和恩典,装备祂的仆人和子民,并为他们代求。
Q. 54. How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?
A. Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father, with all fullness of joy, glory, and power over all things in heaven and earth; and doth gather and defend his church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces, and maketh intercession for them.
55问:基督如何为我们代求?
答:基督为我们的代求,是:
(1)祂以人性身体升天,显于父上帝面前,不断地为我们祈求;因祂在地上完全顺服与献祭的功劳,宣告祂的旨意,实现在所有信徒身上;
(2)祂回应所有对他们的控告,祂确保他们的良心平安,虽然他们每日皆有失败之处,仍可坦然无惧来到施恩宝座前,并且祂使他们的生活与事奉蒙悦纳。
Q. 55. How doth Christ make intercession?
A. Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven, in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth, declaring his will to have it applied to all believers; answering all accusations against them, and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings, access with boldness to the throne of grace, and acceptance of their persons and services.
56问:基督将要再来审判世界,祂是如何被高举?
答:基督将要再来审判世界,祂被高举在于:
(1)虽然祂曾受到不义审判,被恶人定罪,但是祂将在末日,大有权能的降临;
(2)祂的再临,是将自己与圣父的荣耀,完全彰显出来;祂与所有众天使同来,有呼叫的声音与天使长的声音,又有神的号吹响:祂要按公义审判世界。
Q. 56. How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?
A. Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men, shall come again at the last day in great power, and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, to judge the world in righteousness.
8.4b 第三天,祂从死里复活(林前15:3,4),带着原来受苦的身体(约20:25,27),也带着这身体升到天上,坐在祂父的右边(可16:19),为我们代求(罗8:34;来9:24;7:25),并在世界的末了还要再来审判世人和天使(罗14:9-10;徒1:11;10:42;太13:40-42;犹6;彼后2:4)。